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Joint operations generally require the participation of Army units from all categories, with the mix of these forces largely dependent on the nature of the given mission. These include public affairs specialists, comptrollers, and foreign area officers, who serve in U.S. Additionally, the Army has many specialties that require advanced schooling and experience.

The branches for lawyers, medical personnel, and chaplains are considered special branches but perform service support functions. The United States Army organizes its units into three general categories, which correspond to the role of the unit on the battlefield: combat arms (CA) (for example, infantry and armor), combat support (CS) (for example, communications and military police), and combat service support (CSS) (for example, supply and transportation). Since complex contingency operations are conducted on land, the Army and, at a lower level, the Marine Corps have borne the largest share of the burden of providing units and personnel to support these operations. The United States Army has been reduced in size since the end of the Cold War, but it is still the largest of the services.

Historically, the Army has usually been the decisive element of military power, and it is typically the largest branch of militaries around the world. Internet: The United States Army's primary role is to organize, train, and equip forces to conduct sustained land combat operations.